Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a procedure that provides temporary circulatory or respiratory support to patients with lung and / or heart failure. It is used in patients in whom all possibilities of conventional treatment have been exhausted, and the cause of the existing condition is potentially reversible. Objective: The research is to analyze the one-year survival of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka with regard to indications, form of ECMO support and the incidence of complications. Methods: A retrospective study involved a total of 138 patients treated with ECMO support in the period from 1st December 2013. until 31st December 2019. in the Intensive Care Unit of the Clinic for Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery with Intensive Care and at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. Patients under the age of 18 as well as patients with incomplete documentation were excluded from the study. The data obtained by the research were analyzed by methods of descriptive and parametric statistics. Results: In the observed period, a total of 138 patients were treated with ECMO support. 79 (57.2%) patients were successfully separated from ECMO support. Of the total number of treated patients, 42.7% survived for more than one year. Patients who survived longer than one year spent on average longer in the intensive care unit and the period of hospitalization was longer than that in patients who died. Patients who survived after separation from ECMO support for more than one year had an average of 0.41 complications, in contrast to patients who had a fatal outcome. There is a statistically significant difference in the number of complications between the group of patients who died and survived for more than one year, which confirms the research hypothesis. Conclusion: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has developed significantly over the last decade and has become widely applicable in the treatment of patients with respiratory and circulatory failure. Accordingly, there has been a gradual improvement in treatment outcomes with this method. Appropriate patient selection and timing of ECMO support are key to a good treatment outcome.