There are three common forms of affective disorder after childbirth: postpartum sadness ("baby blues"), postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Each of these conditions differs in its prevalence, clinical presentation, approach, and treatment. Postpartum non-psychotic depression is one of the most common complications affecting women in the puerperium period, approximately 10-15% of women and as such represents a significant public health problem affecting women and their families. Identification and education about the influence of certain factors on the development of postpartum derpes consequently leads to a better approach in prevention, clearer knowledge of which factors need special attention, but also how to successfully eliminate and prevent them. Extreme attention should also be paid to the detection and right of belt recognition of the disease if key risk factors cannot be prevented or eliminated. By defining them, we can more clearly define the group of at-risk and particularly vulnerable women. A rapid decline in postpartum reproductive hormone levels has been suggested as a possible etiology of postpartum affective disorders. After childbirth, progesterone and estrogen levels drop rapidly, returning to pre-pregnancy levels within 3 days. Obsteteric complications, especially those leading to more lasting consequences such as hysterectomy and permanent organ loss, contribute to the risk of developing postpartum depression, there is some statistical association between the development of postpartum depression and the use of forceps or vacuum extraction to complete labor. The connection is especially emphasized due to stress and fear of possible complications during childbirth and the use of forceps or vacuum. Patients who have had depressive episodes in the past have a significantly increased risk of developing postpartum depression and typically initially have a higher score on the Eddingburgh Depression Assessment Scheme. Therefore, taking a detailed history, the patient's honesty and the connection of the hospital system are key factors in the prevention of postpartum depression in this group of patients. Although there is not enough clear and large research, based on existing ones, it can be concluded that exclusive breastfeeding has no significant association for the purpose of reducing or increasing postpartum depression. To meet the criteria for MDD, the presence of a depressed mood or loss of interest or enjoyment for activities must be present for at least 2 weeks. In addition, symptoms of sleep disorders, appetite disorders, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, decreased concentration and suicidal thoughts may be present. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is challenging due to changes in sleep patterns, changes in appetite, and excessive fatigue is routine for women after childbirth. The optimal time to check for PPD is between 2 weeks and 6 months after delivery. There are several methods available for diagnosing postpartum depression such as the Edinburgh Scale for Assessing Postnatal Depression, which is a validated widely used 10-item questionnaire. An Edinburgh postpartum depression scale score of ≥12 is an indicator of probable postpartum depression. Treatment of postpartum depression is based on the use of medication and psychotherapy. The first choice are antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which are also indicated in breastfeeding mothers. If we talk about depression with psychotic features, with the use of antidepressants, the use of antidepressants with a combination of antipsychotics is indicated. The prevalence of paternal depression is 4-25%, it often occurs and is triggered by maternal postpartum depression, but it is not impossible for it to occur first and only in the father. In relation to maternal postpartum depression, paternal depression is often underestimated and insufficiently researched. Screening does not exist nor can we talk about prevention procedures in this case, which leads us to the conclusion that we are almost exclusively focused on diagnosis and treatment, missing the period of pregnancy in which we could respond and prevent.