Physiological pregnancy lasts 280 days or 40 weeks and any birth that follows before the 37th week is called a premature birth. A baby born up to 36+6 weeks is called preterm or premature. Children born in this period belongs to the category of endangered newborns because they have never reached a sufficient level of development of organs and organ systems. Medicine and technology are rapidly evolving and the gestational age of children survival is reduced, but every year about 1 million premature babies die from the complications that the premature birth carries. The lowest limit of gestational age is 22 weeks of gestation or more, and 500 or more grams. Premature children who survive, in the future have a high possibility of disability or problems with hearing, vision or learning difficulties. Late preterm infants, i.e., children born between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation have good prognosis. Taking into account the anthropometric features, the difference between premature infants and term newborn is clearly visible. The difference in the measures of preterm infants is noticed in only a week of difference, but we also can not expect reliable data in children born from 22 to 32 weeks because childbirth is mainly caused by some pathology and therefore, anthropometric measures of children born after 32 weeks seem more reliable. There are various factors and causes that can lead to preterm birth, but approximately 50% of preterm births do not have a strictly known cause. Looking at growth and development, it is advisable to take into account factors that may affect differences in measurements such as race or gender (it is known that boys are, on average, 150 g heavier than girls).