Regional anesthesia is a technique by which an injection of a local anesthetic near a nerve or spinal cord inhibits sensation, pain, and motor stimulation, i.e., causes insensitivity to pain in one region of the body. Throughout history, anesthesia has advanced significantly, today surgical procedures and treatment options are performed that were previously unthinkable. Methods of regional anesthesia are divided into central regional anesthesia and peripheral regional anesthesia. The use of regional anesthesia avoids side effects associated with general anesthesia such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and sore throat. Preoperative preparation of the patient does not differ significantly from the preparation of the patient for surgery under general anesthesia. It is necessary to take a complete history, physical examination, general health of the patient, check the type of operation and the size and location of the operative field. The patient should be additionally informed about the site of the puncture, the origin and degree of motor and sensory blockage, as well as possible side effects and complications. The intraoperative phase consists of obtaining anesthesia and surgery. Throughout the intraoperative phase, it is important to adhere to the rules of asepsis. At the end of the operation, the patient is placed in a wake-up room where it is extremely important to monitor the patient's condition in order to react in time if changes occur. Appropriate patient selection, knowledge and experience of the anesthesiologist, as well as good preoperative preparation and cooperation with the surgeon are the main components of the success of the application of regional anesthesia.