Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that affects a large number of women of reproductive age, which requires careful consideration not only of the type of antiepileptic drug, but also of the dose, in case of planned or unplanned pregnancy. Prescribing antiepileptic drugs to pregnant women with epilepsy requires monitoring and maintaining a balance between limiting seizures and reducing fetal exposure to potential teratogenic effects. The goals of this work were to study how epilepsy affects pregnancy and how pregnancy affects epilepsy, to assess whether modern antiepileptic drugs have a teratogenic effect, and whether the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs are a delay in the child's neurodevelopment. Through an electronic search of databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Hrčak, etc.), studies were selected that met the search parameters, including the key terms fundamental to the creation of the work. Inclusion criteria included articles and works related to the teratogenicity of modern antiepileptic drugs. Many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have therapeutic uses beyond epilepsy and include neuropathic pain, migraine headaches, and psychiatric disorders. The risk of some AEDs is clearly established, but for the newer drugs, small sample sizes and polytherapy exposure preclude definitive determination of their teratogenic potential. Most women with epilepsy need to be treated with an AED throughout their pregnancy to control their seizures. Based on clinical evidence to date, levetiracetam and lamotrigine have been shown to be the safest during pregnancy, although other antiepileptic drugs may also be suitable. Despite popular belief, not all combinations of polytherapy can be harmful, especially when valproate and topiramate are avoided.