Preterm birth is a multifactorial condition associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in early gestational age. Premature infants are at increased risk of short-term complications attributed to the immaturity of multiple organ systems and neurodevelopmental disorders. Premature infants often develop respiratory distress syndrome due to a lack of surfactant. This may require mechanical ventilation or non-invasive respiratory support, both of which can cause lung injury. The goal of treatment is to provide adequate respiratory support while reducing complications. Treatment with surfactant reduces the need for positive pressure ventilation and improves survival of preterm infants. The aim of this research was to determine the outcomes of treatment of premature infants, to analyze the proportion of premature infants who require treatment with mechanical ventilation, to analyze the proportion of premature infants who require the use of surfactant, and the outcomes of treatment depending on gestational age. Premature newborns, born from the 22nd to 38th gestational week, were included in the research. The research was conducted in the period from January 1, 2021. until December 12, 2021. The data were taken from the hospital information system and medical documentation with the approval of the Ethics Committee. The results showed that the proportion of premature infants who require mechanical ventilation is less than 15%, that the proportion of premature infants who require the use of surfactant is greater than 20%, and that premature infants whose gestational age is greater than 28 weeks have a better treatment outcome than premature infants born before 28th week.