Introduction: The spine, as the main bony support of the trunk, plays an important role in maintaining the body's upright posture and transferring the body's weight and external forces. The physiological curvature of the spine allows for proper biomechanics and load distribution, and any deviation from the physiological curvature can be a potential cause of spinal pain. Lumbar spine pain is becoming an increasingly common problem among the elderly and younger population, mainly due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity. A potential cause of pain in the lumbar spine can be reduced or increased curvature of the lumbar spine, i.e. hypolordosis or hyperlordosis. The aim of the research: To examine the connection between hypolordosis and hyperlordosis with pain in the lumbar spine in physiotherapy students. To examine the connection between physical activity and pain in the lumbar spine in physiotherapy students. Subjects (materials) and methods: 33 students of the undergraduate professional study of physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, aged 19 to 22, participated in the research. The research was conducted in April 2024 at the Faculty of Health Studies of the University of Rijeka. Students first filled out a questionnaire about physical activity habits and pain in the lumbar spine. After that, the spinal curvature of the students was measured using the Spinal Mouse device, Idiag M360. The obtained results were tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. Tests were performed at the level of statistical significance p<0.05. The program MedCalc free version 22.016 was used for statistical data processing. Results: Both hypotheses were rejected and no statistically significant association between hypolordosis and hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and physical activity with pain in the lumbar spine in students was proven. Conclusion: Pain in the lumbar part of the spine is more and more common today in the elderly and younger population. The cause of pain has not been fully defined, although numerous studies have been conducted on the subject. Further research should include a larger number of subjects and the analysis of psychosocial factors in order to more easily define the cause of pain and facilitate access to treatment.