Abstract | Uvod: Nogomet i rukomet su jedni od najpopularnijih sportova današnjice. Velika populacija ljudi se njima bavi profesionalno, a i amaterski. Dinamika, kontaktna igra, atraktivnost postizanja zgoditaka su neki aspekti koji privlače velik broj ljudi, a kasnije i djece, koja od malih nogu kreću u sportske vode. Danas se tempo igre promijenio, sve se ubrzalo, od igrača se zahtjeva više, jače i bolje, što u konačnici dovodi do lakšeg ozljeđivanja. Neki od razloga su: kontaktna igra, neadekvatne prevencije, a naposljetku i pretreniranosti igrača.
Cilj: Ovaj rad dublje istražuje zastupljenost ozljeda kod amaterskih nogometaša i rukometaša, ulogu fizioterapeuta i značaj prevencije ozljeda. Kroz analizu učestalosti ozljeda gornjih i donjih ekstremiteta te utjecaja odmora između treninga na ozljede mišićno-koštanog sustava, istraživanje naglašava potrebu za prilagođenim strategijama prevencije ozljeda za ova dva sporta. Ističe se važnost individualiziranih programa prevencije ozljeda, prilagođenih specifičnim potrebama svakog sportaša. Naglasak je stavljen i na ključnu ulogu fizioterapeuta u implementaciji tih strategija te podršci zdravlju i sportskim performansama sportaša.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 72 muška ispitanika iz nogometnih i rukometnih klubova, amatera i profesionalaca, koji su aktivno sudjelovali u treninzima i natjecanjima. Podaci su prikupljeni putem online upitnika podijeljenog u tri dijela: sociodemografska pitanja, pitanja o ozljedama i treningu, te o prisutnosti medicinskog osoblja u klubovima.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 72 ispitanika iz nogometa i rukometa, s prosječnom godinama od 25,2 godine. Većina ispitanika (73,6 %) bavila se sportom amaterski, a 20,8 % profesionalno. Najčešće su se bavili rukometom (63,9 %) i nogometom (36,1 %). Prevalencija ozljeda bila je visoka, pri čemu su najčešće bile ozljede donjih ekstremiteta (63,9 %). Najčešći tretman ozljeda bio je fizioterapija (56,9 %), dok 16,7 % nije tražilo nikakvu pomoć. Statistički značajna razlika u incidenciji ozljeda između amaterskih i profesionalnih sportaša nije utvrđena, a dulji odmori nisu značajno smanjivali incidenciju ozljeda. Također, postoji velika potreba za fizioterapeutima u nižim ligama, što je podržano od strane 90,3 % ispitanika.
Zaključak: Istraživanje naglašava važnost individualiziranih programa treninga koji balansiraju intenzitet, učestalost i specifičnost kako bi se optimizirala fizička spremnost sportaša. Umjereni i ciljani treninzi donose bolje rezultate od pretjeranog ili nedovoljno intenzivnog pristupa. Oporavak igra ključnu ulogu, pri čemu fizioterapeuti podržavaju prevenciju ozljeda, rehabilitaciju i optimizaciju performansi. Integracija fizioterapije u trening pomaže u prevenciji ozljeda, ispravljanju disbalansa te povećanju snage i fleksibilnosti. Holistički pristup, koji uključuje pravilnu prehranu, odmor i prevenciju ozljeda, ključan je za dugoročne sportske performanse. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi se fokusirati na personalizirane protokole koji maksimiziraju potencijal sportaša uz smanjenje rizika od ozljeda. |
Abstract (english) | Introduction: Football and handball are among the most popular sports today. A large population of people participates in these sports both professionally and at an amateur level. The dynamics, contact play, and the excitement of scoring are some of the aspects that attract a large number of people, including children, who start engaging in sports from a young age. Nowadays, the pace of the game has changed; everything has accelerated, and players are expected to perform more, stronger, and better, which ultimately leads to a higher risk of injury. Some reasons for this include contact play, inadequate prevention, and ultimately, overtraining of players.
Aim: This paper delves deeper into the prevalence of injuries among amateur football and handball players, the role of physiotherapists, and the importance of injury prevention. Through an analysis of the frequency of upper and lower limb injuries and the impact of rest between training sessions on musculoskeletal injuries, the research highlights the need for tailored injury prevention strategies for these two sports. The importance of individualized injury prevention programs, tailored to the specific needs of each athlete, is emphasized. The key role of physiotherapists in implementing these strategies and supporting the health and performance of athletes is also highlighted.
Participants and Methods: The study involved 72 male participants from football and handball clubs, both amateurs and professionals, who actively participated in training and competitions. Data was collected through an online questionnaire divided into three sections: sociodemographic questions, questions about injuries and training, and the presence of medical staff in the clubs.
Results: The study included 72 participants from football and handball, with an average age of 25.2 years. The majority of participants (73.6%) engaged in sports at an amateur level, while 20.8% were professional athletes. Most participants were involved in handball (63.9%) and football (36.1%). The prevalence of injuries was high, with lower extremity injuries being the most common (63.9%). The most common injury treatment was physiotherapy (56.9%), while 16.7% did not seek any help. A statistically significant difference in injury incidence between amateur and professional athletes was not found, and longer rest periods did not significantly reduce injury incidence. Additionally, there is a strong need for physiotherapists in lower leagues, supported by 90.3% of participants.
Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of individualized training programs that balance intensity, frequency, and specificity to optimize athletes' physical fitness. Moderate and targeted training yields better results than excessive or insufficient intensity. Recovery plays a crucial role, with physiotherapists supporting injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance optimization. Integrating physiotherapy with training helps prevent injuries, correct imbalances, and enhance strength and flexibility. A holistic approach involving proper nutrition, rest, and injury prevention is essential for sustained athletic performance. Future research should focus on personalized protocols that maximize athletes' potential while minimizing injury risks. |