| Abstract | Invaliditet (lat. Invalidus- nemoćan, slab) je pojam koji se vrlo često koristi kada je riječ o osobi s oštećenjem. Sam pojam „invaliditet“ stavlja ograničenje u prvi plan te bi se upravo zbog toga trebao koristiti pojam „osoba s invaliditetom“. Tada se osoba stavlja u prvi plan, a prisutno ograničenje odnosno oštećenje se postavlja u drugi plan. Pojmovi invaliditet i invalidnost se vrlo često miješaju, ali oni nisu sinonimi te svaki pojam nosi svoje značenje. Najčešći uzroci invaliditeta su oštećenja lokomotornog sustava i oštećenje drugih organa dok je autizam posljednji na listi uzroka invaliditeta. Od oštećenja lokomotornog sustava najčešći uzrok je dorzopatija dok se kod oštećenja drugih organa kao najčešći uzrok navode hipertenzivne bolesti. Vrste oštećenja se dijele u 4 skupine. U te skupine pripadaju tjelesna oštećenja, intelektualna oštećenja, mentalna oštećenja i poremećaj autističnog spektra.
Položaj osoba s invaliditetom kroz povijest se mijenjao. U samom početku osobe s invaliditetom nisu bile prihvaćene u društvu te ih se smatralo „uljezima“. Tako primjerice osobe s invaliditetom nisu smjele izlaziti niti se pojavljivati u društvu, zatvaralo ih se u kuće, nisu imali pravo glasa, nisu imali pravo na školovanje i rad kao ostali te im ništa u okolini nije bilo prilagođeno njihovom stanju. Danas, položaj osoba s invaliditetom u društvu se puno promjenio pa tako one imaju pravo na školovanje kao i ostali, pravo na rad, pravo na druženje, pravo glasa te im je dosta toga u okolini prilagođeno njihovom stanju iako još ima mjesta za popravak i poboljšanje. Predrasude su i dalje prisutne, ali u puno manjem i blažem obliku nego kao što je to bilo ranijih godina. Istraživanja koja su se bavila proučavanjem kvalitete života su pokazala da osobe s invaliditetom imaju zadovoljavajuću kvalitetu života, ali ipak postoje stvari s kojima osobe s invaliditetom nisu zadovoljne. Također se pokazalo da osobe s invaliditetom starije populacije imaju lošiju kvalitetu života od osoba s invaliditetom mlađe populacije.
Stavovi su različito definirani, a pojedinac svoje stavove stječe na razne načine. Najveći utjecaj na formiranje stava je okolina u kojoj se pojedinac kreće, obiteljska sredina, vrtić ili škola, utjecaj društva i sl.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi kakvi su stavovi mladih prema osobama s tjelesnim invaliditetom. U istraživanju su sudjelovali učenici 4. razreda srednje škole Pakrac i srednje škole Čakovec (smjer opće gimnazija i smjer fizioterapeutski tehničar). Ukupan broj ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju je bio 74. 74% ispitanika je bilo ženskog spola dok je 26% bilo ispitanika muškog spola. Prije samog istraživanja zatražena je suglasnot škola u kojima se provodilo istraživanje te informirani pristanak roditelja učenika koji su još uvijek maloljetni. Prosječna dob ispitanika je 18 godina. Ispitivanje se obavilo anketnim upitnikom te je ispitivanje bilo anonimno i dobrovoljno. Ispitanici su se u bilo kojem trenutku mogli povući i prekinuti ispunjavanje ankete. Prije istraživanja je objašnjena svrha i cilj provođenja istraživanja. Ispitivanje je trajalo 15-ak minuta te se obavilo unutar redovne nastave. Anketni upitnik se sastojao od 3 skale: Kognitivni faktor 1 i 2 i Afektivni faktor. Kognitivni faktor je proučavao implikaciju devijantnih karakteristika, segregaciju osoba s tjelesnim oštećenjem i tragično sagledavanje osoba s tjelesnim oštećenjem. Afektivni faktor je proučavao stupanj nelagode ispitanika u interakciji s osobama s tjelesnim oštećenjem. Nakon prikupljanja podataka izvršena je statistička analiza s ciljem dobivanja rezultata. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da učenici srednje škole Pakrac i srednje škole Čakovec, smjera opće gimnazije i fizioterapeutskog tehničara, imaju pozitivne stavove prema osobama s tjelesnim invaliditetom. Nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u stavovima s obzirom na smjer obrazovanja te na spol. |
| Abstract (english) | Disability (Lat. Disability- powerless, weak) is a term that is very often used when referring to a disabled person. The very concept of "disability" places a limitation on the foreground, which is why the term "disabled person" should be used. Then the person is put in the foreground, and the present restriction or damage is placed in the foreground. The terms disability and disability are often mixed, but they are not synonymous and each term has its own meaning. The most common causes of disability are damage to the locomotor system and damage to other organs, while autism is the last on the list of causes of disability.
The position of people with disabilities has changed throughout history. At the outset, people with disabilities were not accepted by society and were considered "intruders". For example, people with disabilities were not allowed to go out or appear in society, to be locked up in their homes, to have no right to vote, not to have the right to education and work as others, and nothing in their environment was adapted to their condition. Today, the position of people with disabilities in society has changed a lot, so they have the right to education like others, the right to work, the right to socialize, the right to vote, and many things in the environment are adapted to their condition, although there is still room for repair and improvement. . Prejudice is still present, but in a much smaller and milder form than it was in earlier years. Research on quality of life studies has shown that people with disabilities have a satisfactory quality of life, but there are things that people with disabilities are not comfortable with. It has also been shown that people with disabilities in the older population have a worse quality of life than people with disabilities in the younger population.
Attitudes are differently defined, and the individual acquires his or her views in various ways. The biggest influence on attitude formation is the environment in which the individual moves, family environment, kindergarten or school, the influence of society, etc.
The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of young people towards people with physical disabilities. The students of the 4th grade of Pakrac high school and Čakovec high school (general gymnasium and physiotherapy technician) participated in the research. The total number of respondents to the survey was 74. 74% of the respondents were female, while 26% were male. Prior to the survey itself, the consent of the schools where the research was conducted and the informed consent of the parents of the students, who are still minors, were sought. The average age of the respondents is 18 years. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire and was anonymous and voluntary. Respondents could withdraw at any time and interrupt the completion of the survey. Prior to the research, the purpose and purpose of conducting the research was explained. The examination lasted for about 15 minutes and took place within regular classes. The questionnaire consisted of 3 scales: Cognitive factor 1 and 2 and Affective factor. The cognitive factor studied the implication of deviant characteristics, the segregation of persons with physical disabilities, and the tragic perception of persons with physical disabilities. The affective factor studied the degree of discomfort of the subjects interacting with persons with physical disabilities. After collecting the data, a statistical analysis was performed to obtain the results. The results of the research showed that the students of Pakrac high school and Čakovec high school, in the direction of general high school and physiotherapy technician, have positive attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities. No statistically significant difference in attitudes was found with regard to the direction of education and gender. |
