Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, of unknown etiology that occurs in childhood or before the age of 16 and is characterized by arthritis that lasts longer than 6 weeks. The International League of Rheumatology Associations states that JIA includes systemic arthritis, oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis-associated arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis. The approximate annual incidence of JIA globally is 8 per 100,000 children, although some studies prove that the prevalence ranges from 15 to 150 per 100,000 children, depending on the geographical region being researched and the methodology applied. The exact cause of JIA is still unknown, and the most plausible theory is a combination of immunogenic mechanisms, different genetic factors, and environmental factors. Infections, stress, or trauma are considered to be the most responsible etiological factors that cause the immune system to respond. The most common symptom in the clinical presentation of JIA is arthritis, which can affect one or more joints. The arthritic joint shows all the signs of inflammation, such as swelling, erythema, heat, pain, and loss of function. Pericarditis and pericardial effusions are common complications in children with systemic JIA type, while uveitis develops in 20% of patients with oligoarticular type and 10% of patients with polyarticular type. The diagnosis of JIA is based on clinical criteria, and due to the insidious course of the disease, making an accurate diagnosis is often difficult. The imperative of JIA treatment is to preserve the functionality of the joints and prevent possible complications, but in pharmacological therapeutic interventions it is necessary to consider the harmful effects of drugs that may include osteoporosis, growth retardation, infection, etc. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to their harmful effects, they are recommended only as a short-term first form of treatment. Corticosteroids or glucocorticoid drugs have been shown to have the strongest anti-inflammatory effect when administered intraarticularly. Over the past 15 years, advances in biologic therapy or immunotherapy have led to more successful treatment of JIA, better disease control, and prevention of long-term damage that can limit physical development and impair quality of life. TNF-α inhibitors have been most investigated in the treatment of JIA, specifically etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab. Physical therapy in children with JIA is performed with the aim of maintaining the range of motion of the affected joints, reducing pain, and swelling, promoting anti-inflammatory action, relaxing the muscles, and maintaining normal growth and development.