This paper presents the anatomy and physiology of the birth canal, pelvic measurements, fetal head measurements, the mechanism of normal labor, birth injuries of mother and child. Birth injuries are an unavoidable and topical obstetric problem. They are defined as hypoxic and physical injuries of the fetus and mental and physical injuries of the mother that occurred during labor. Almost every birth injury has a characteristic mechanism of occurrence. They are mostly associated with vaginal birth, but injuries can also occur during a caesarean section. The course and outcome of a normal birth are determined by three factors, namely the birth object, the birth canal, and the birth force. Birth objects form the fetus and the placenta with sheaths. In a normal birth, the child is born in the anterooccipital position, the prone part is the head and the longitudinal axis of the fetus coincides with the longitudinal axis of the mother.The contractility of muscle tissue is important for the proper formation and maintenance of labors. By the mechanism of labor we mean the movement of the baby's head as it passes through the birth canal. Maternal birth injuries are rupture of the uterus, rupture of the cervix, rupture of the perineum, and rupture of the clitoris and labia. Birth injuries of child were defined as damage to the body functions or structures of the newborn that occurred at birth. Injuries can occur during or after childbirth, especially in children who need reanimation. Birth injuries that occur in a child are injuries to the following tissues, intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial hemorrhage, facial injuries, fractures, sprains, neurological and abdominal injuries.