Gynaecological examinations and PAPA tests are recommended to women in accordance with their gynaecologist’s recommendations, depending on their condition and test results. If prior checkups showed no reason for concern, a yearly examination is sufficient. The examination begins with an anamnesis, followed by a bimanual examination, a speculum examination and finally an ultrasound. Based on the examination and the results of the PAPA test and/or the HPV test, the gynaecologist will determine if any form of therapy is necessary. The examination is used to identify existing changes in the internal and external genitals, such as bleeding, changes of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as other anomalies. However, a rectal examination can also be performed if needed. Depending on the results of the PAPA test, the gynaecologist may refer the woman to further examinations such as testing for HPV infection and/or colposcopy. If a sexually transmitted disease is detected, it is important to start treatment promptly. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infectious diseases that are transmitted through all forms of sexual intercourse. STDs are one of the world's major health problems due to their infectiousness, risk of complications, and great costs of treatment that burden health care systems. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is based on providing sexual education to young people, as well as proper diagnosis and treatment. HPV infection is the most common STD. It predominantly occurs in women and men under the age of 25. HPV infection has a number of stages that progress from mild, moderate and severe dysplasia all the way to cervical cancer. There are two groups of viruses that we divide into high-risk and low-risk. We can prevent the virus by using vaccines for the most common types of HPV. The aim of this research was to examine how knowledgeable women of reproductive age are about regular gynaecological examinations in the Republic of Croatia. A total of 361 women of reproductive age participated in the research, which was conducted using an online questionnaire created specifically for the purposes of this research. 287 (79.50%) women were aged 15-35, while 74 (20.50%) were aged 36-50. 179 (49.58%) women have a lower level of education (completed primary and/or secondary vocational education), while 182 (50.42%) have a higher level of education (acquired a bachelor’s and/or a master’s degree). The research results show that women aged 36-50 have more knowledge compared to women aged 15-35, as well as women who have completed a higher level of education compared to those who have completed a lower level of education.