| Abstract | Ciljevi ovog preglednog rada su definiranje prehrambenih potreba i preporuka prehrane u prvoj godini života. U prvom dijelu rada opisuje se sastav ljudskog majčinog mlijeka kao optimalnog izvora prehrane za dojenčad uključujući makronutrijente, vitamine, minerale, hormone, faktore rasta, mikrobiom i mikro RNA. Dohrana nakon šestog mjeseca života opisana je s posebnim osvrtom na proteine, željezo i kalcij.
Ovaj rad detaljno razmatra utjecaj prehrane u prvoj godini života na neurokognitivni razvoj djece, osobito na utjecaj različitih nutrijenata i suplemenata, uključujući omega-3 masne kiseline, vitamin B12, folnu kiselinu, kolin, cink, željezo, jod te multivitaminske i mineralne suplemente. Utjecaj dojenja, pothranjenosti, način prehrane i kvaliteta prehrane na neurokognitivni razvoj također je analiziran. Važnost probiotika i vitamina D kao dodataka prehrani u perinatalnom razdoblju u prvoj godini života djeteta također je opisana. Spomenuta su i povezana specifična zdravstvena stanja poput Chronove bolesti, zubnog karijesa, autoimunih stanja i alergijskih reakcija vezanih uz nedostatak vitamina D. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper deals with nutritional needs and dietary recommendations in the first year of life. It explores the composition of human breast milk as an optimal source of nutrition for infants, including analysis of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, components specific to preterm infants, hormones, growth factors, microbiome and micro-RNA. Supplementary nutrition between 6 and 12 months of age was also analyzed, with particular reference to protein, iron and calcium. The nutrition of a child after one year of age is also described. The paper also examines in detail the impact of nutrition in the first year of life on children's neurocognitive development, particularly focusing on the impact of various nutrients and supplements, including Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, zinc, iron, iodine, and multivitamin and mineral supplements. The influence of breastfeeding, malnutrition, diet, and diet quality on neurocognitive development was also analyzed. The importance of probiotics and vitamin D as nutritional supplements in the perinatal period and the first year of a child's life is also described, and related health conditions such as Crohn's disease, dental caries, autoimmune conditions, and allergic conditions related to vitamin D deficiency are also investigated. In conclusion, the paper summarizes all findings and provides recommendations for optimal nutrition in the first year of life. |
