This research aimed to compare the level of knowledge of first and third year nursing students about vesicoureteral reflux in children, as well as their knowledge related to previous education about this condition. The final paper includes two parts, the first part speaks in general about vesicoureteral reflux in children, which is one of the most common anomalies in the urinary tract in infants and young children. This includes the backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter and renal tubular system. This condition poses a potential problem to children, which is why timely intervention is key to avoiding long-term consequences. In the first year of life, vesicoureteral reflux can be found in 1% of healthy children, in 30 to 50% of children after symptomatic urinary tract infections, and in 10 to 40% of newborns with prenatal hydronephrosis of the urinary tract in infants and young children. The second part of the paper describes the research. The research was conducted through an online anonymous survey that was created in Google Forms. The answers to 10 questions were analyzed. The answers to all questions are presented in numbers and percentages. For statistical data processing, the program Statistica version 14.1.0 TIBCO Software INC. California, USA, was used. The respondents of this research were nursing students of the first and third year, at the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka. Total of 54 respondents participated in the research, with equal number of first- and third-year students. 81.5% of respondents graduated from medical high school, while the rest graduated from another high school program. The results showed that the participants showed a moderate level of knowledge about vesicoureteral reflux. Significant differences were observed in responses based on year of study and whether participants had a medical high school education. Third-year students and those with prior medical education showed a higher level of knowledge about vesicoureteral reflux in children compared to first-year students and those without medical schooling. The study shed light on the different levels of knowledge among nursing students about vesicoureteral reflux in children, highlighting the importance of educational background in understanding this condition. The findings highlight the need for tailored educational interventions to strengthen awareness and knowledge among students. By providing future healthcare professionals with wider knowlege, we can possibly improve management and outcomes for children with vesicoureteral reflux.