| Abstract | Metabolički sindrom je zajednički naziv za nekoliko metaboličkih poremećaja poput inzulinske rezistencije, trbušnog tipa pretilosti, hipertenzije i hiperlipidemije koji zajedno povećavaju rizik od razvoja bolesti poput ateroskleroze, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetes melitusa tip 2 te karcinoma. Metabolički sindrom i pretilost imaju znatan porast krivulje u posljednjim desetljećima, postavši tako bitan javnozdravstveni problem zbog visokih stopa hospitalizacija, velikih troškova liječenja i narušene kvalitete života. Prevalencija metaboličkog sindroma uvelike varira, a ovisi o spolu, dobi, socioekonomskom statusu i etničkom podrijetlu ispitivanih skupina. Mnoge studije kliničkog i epidemiološkog karaktera su pokazale da metabolički sindrom počinje središnjom pretilošću. Budući da se u posljednjih 30 godina učestalost pretilosti u svijetu dvostruko povećala, paralelno je značajno porasla i prevalencija metaboličkog sindroma. Stoga je pretilost označena kao vodeći uzrok metaboličkog sindroma jer je čvrsto povezana sa svim metaboličkim čimbenicima rizika.
Mediteransku prehranu (MD) karakterizira kombinacija voća i povrća, ribe, raznih žitarica i višestruko nezasićenih masti, uz smanjenu konzumaciju crvenog mesa i mesnih prerađevina, te umjeren unos crnog vina. Znanstveni dokazi su pokazali da prihvaćanje mediteranske prehrane čini jedan tip zaštite za nastanak raznih vrsta karcinoma, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, cerebrovaskularnog inzulta, starenja i pretilosti. Hranjive tvari kojih ima u izobilju u mediteranskoj prehrani imaju antikancerogena, protuupalna svojstva te zajedno pridonose održavanju zdravstvenog stanja. Ovakav obrazac prehrane stoga je neophodan kao preventivna mjera protiv metaboličkog sindroma i drugih kroničnih bolesti, ali i za smanjenje troškova zdravstvene zaštite. Budući da je pretilost povezana s povećanim rizikom od kardiovaskularnih bolesti i dijabetesa tipa 2, koji mogu trajati od djetinjstva i adolescencije do mlade odrasle dobi, važno je rano identificirati djecu i adolescente koji su pod visokim rizikom od razvijanje metaboličkog sindroma. Stoga bi tim mladim ljudima bilo moguće dati rane preventivne mjere, uključujući promjenu načina života, kako bi se zaustavio razvoj metaboličkih abnormalnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | Metabolic syndrome is a common name for many metabolic disorders like obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, which together do the act of big risk of development of disease problems like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2 and even some type of cancer. Metabolic syndrome and obesity have a big increase in recent years, starting to be an important public health point because of high risk of hospitalization, high hospital expenses and decreased quality of living. The Sindrome's prevalence is big, have many variations, and depends on age, socioeconomic status, genetics, gender. Many clinical studies have shown that this condition begins with obesity around your waist. Since frequency of obesity in the world increased, almost doubled in last 3 decades, incidence of metabolic syndrome also increased significantly. In that matter, obesity is identified as the first cause of metabolic syndrome because it's heavily connected with many metabolic factors.
Mediterranean diet is described as diet with a combination of fibers, meaning fruits and vegetables, fish, various grains, reduced consummation of red meat, high consummation of blue fish and daily intake of red wine. Clinical studies has shown that the consumption of Mediterranean diet creates some kind of protection from the occurrence of various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular insult, obesity. Foods that are abundant in the Mediterranean diet have anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory characteristics and together bring good maintaining a healthy state. This type of diet is therefore necessary as a preventive measure against metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases and to reduce healthcare expenses. Since obesity is connected with an rising hazard of cardial complications and diabetes type 2, which can last from childhood to young adulthood, it is important to identify children and youngsters who have big risk of gettings metabolic syndrome early in life. So, it would be possible to have these young people preventive measurements, including changes of their living, to stop the development of metabolic abnormalities. |
