Induction of labor signifies intentionally inducing the onset of labor. To achieve this it is necessary to stimulate labor and maturation of the cervix. Induction can be divided into medically indicated induction, when the risks of continuing the pregnancy are greater than the risk of its termination, and into programmed induction performed for medical-preventive and social reasons. Indications for induction of labor can be divided into maternal and fetal. Some of the maternal indications are hypertension, diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, maternal request and prolonged pregnancy, and fetal indications can be intrauterine growth restriction, fetal macrosomia, fetal death, isoimmunization, etc. While contraindications for induction of labor are equal to contraindications for any vaginal birth. When it is decided that labor should be induced, preinduction assessment should be performed. With it, the obstetrician can assess which would be the most adequate method of induction for an individual woman. The role of midwives during preinduction assessment involves the psychological preparation of women and the provision of information related to a particular method of induction, so that she can decide for herself which method to accept. Induction methods have envolved and changed throughout history, and today they can be divided into three groups, pharmacological, nonpharmacological and surgical methods of induction of labor. Pharmacological methods of induction of labor include the use synthetic analogues of prostaglandins, namely misoprostol and dinoprostol, and the use of oxytocin, which is most often used with the surgical method of induction of labor (amniotomy). Non-pharmacological methods of induction of labor include mechanical methods (use of balloon catheters and hygroscopic dilatators) and membrane sweeping. In addition to these three groups of methods of induction of labor, it is worth mentioning alternative methods that are traditionally used in some cultures, but are rarely documented. The most important role of the midwife during the induction of labor is to monitor and control the condition of the woman and her fetus and to timely identify potential complications and respond to them in a valid manner. The frequency of performing induction of labor has increased with the advancement of medicine, therefor it is important that midwives have up to date knowledge related to this topic.