Caesarean section is a surgical procedure in which the front abdominal wall as well as the uterus is opened in order to deliver the child and the placenta. It is performed through general or regional anesthesia, which has been proven to be used more often, but also to have fewer complications. We distinguish between absolute, relative and extended medical indications for terminating a pregnancy by caesarean section. In addition to indications, the paper describes and compares techniques that have been used throughout history, but also significantly changed. As modern medicine has developed more and more in today's time, major complications and tragic outcomes have been greatly reduced. Although mortality caused by the consequences of caesarean section has been reduced, it should be performed only when it is a safer option for both mother and child than vaginal delivery. Recovery usually goes without major complications, but they are exposed to a higher risk of postpartum complications and death compared to vaginal birth. Pregnant women who have had a caesarean section, during their next pregnancy, should agree with the gynecologist on how to complete the next pregnancy. It is necessary to be fully informed about the advantages and risks of both methods, and from the doctor's side to approach each in an individualized way. The research part of the work refers to the attitudes and knowledge of students about cesarean delivery.