Introduction: Depending on the delivery time, newborns can be divided into premature, term and postterm. Each group has their own characteristics that distinguish them. Thus, term children are easier to care for if they were not born with certain conditions while premature children often have a numrous conditions due to their short intrauterine stay. Childbirth itself is stressful for the mother when various hormonal changes occur and they have to adapt very quickly into a new role in their life. Premature birth brings even greater amount of stress for the mother and the child and often the premature child has to be separated from the mother for a long period after birth, which consequently deprives the primary physical and psychological connection between mother and child. Due to all the conditions that can befall a child, mothers of premature children deal with a greater amount of stress than mothers of term children. Research objective: To examine the quality of life of mothers of prematurely born children and mothers of term children during the first year of child's life and to identify the dimensions of the quality of life that were rated the worst separately for each group. Subjects and methods: The research was conducted using an online standardized SF-36 questionnaire which was completed by a total of 303 mothers, of which 181 were mothers of a premature children and 122 were mothers of term children. Results: No statistically significant difference was shown between the quality of life of mothers of prematurely born children and term children, however, a difference was shown between one of the dimensions of health functioning – social functioning, in which mothers of prematurely born children achieved lower number of points. Conclusion: The obtained results show that there is no difference between the quality of life of mothers of premature children and term children, but there is a difference between one dimension of health status, which determined that mothers of premature children have worse social functioning than mothers of term children during the first year of the child's life.