This paper deals with research on the level of familiarity of the younger population in the topic of diabetes, a disease that represents a significant global health problem. Considering the increase in the incidence of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 in children and adolescents, the aim of the work was to investigate the level of awareness of the younger population about this disease, its risks and prevention measures. Diabetes and risk factors for its occurrence are defined in detail in the paper, and special attention is paid to those that can and cannot be influenced. The importance of appropriate prevention is emphasized through several segments, including behavior change, healthy diet, and other possible forms of prevention. Also, the paper includes a presentation of current diabetes prevention strategies in Croatia. The methodology of the work includes an examination of the younger population about their awareness of the features of diabetes, risk factors, dietary measures implemented for the purpose of diabetes treatment, and reactions to the possibility of obtaining more information about diabetes. In this context, the role of nurses in the prevention of diabetes is particularly highlighted. The research results, their interpretation and discussion about them are presented in detail in the paper. The paper ends with a conclusion that summarizes the main findings and implications of the research, and encourages further education of the younger population about diabetes with the aim of preventing it.