| Sažetak | Prehrambene navike i prehrambeno ponašanje čovjeka razvijaju se već od prvih godina života. Pravilna prehrana važna je za zdravlje svakog pojedinca i trebala bi uključivati osnovna načela prehrane, kojima se organizmu osiguravaju sve energetske i nutritivne potrebe. Na razvoj prehrambenih navika utječu različiti fiziološki i okolišni čimbenici. Prehrambena neofobija je strah od nove i nepoznate hrane, zbog njezine boje, mirisa, izgleda, podrijetla i slično. Izbjegavanje novih i različith namirnica te odbojnost od uvođenja istih u prehranu može rezultirati neuravnoteženom i neraznolikom prehranom. Posljedica nepravilne prehrane mogu biti različite bolesti, a najčešće su to kronične nezarazne bolesti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti prehrambene navike i pojavnost prehrambene neofobije kod hrvatskog odraslog stanovništva. Podaci su prikupljeni upitnikom koji je sadržavao ljestvicu za procjenu neofobije (Food Neophobia Scale, FNS), pitanja o prehrambenim navikama i stavovima o zdravoj prehrani te pitanja o osobnim karakteristikama ispitanika (spol, dob, tjelesna masa i visina).
U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 178 ispitanika (54 ispitanika muškog spola i 124 ispitanika ženskog spola). Prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 36 godina.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da prosječna vrijednost neofobije u uzorku iznosi 28,87, a rezultati su unutar jedne standardne devijacije (± 10,67). Iz toga proizlazi da je 71,3 % ispitanika ovoga istraživanja unutar neutralnoga raspona (18,20 – 39,54), dok je 12,4 % ispitanika neofila (prosječni rezultat ispod jedne SD) te 16,3 % ispitanika neofoba (prosječni rezultat iznad jedne SD). Nadalje, istraživanja ukazuju na rijetku konzumaciju doručka, koja je u 25,55% ispitanika prisutna samo 1-2 puta tjedno, a u 6,11% ispitanika se doručak uopće ne konzumira. Rijetka je i konzumacija ribe, na što ukazuje udio ispitanika koji nikad ne konzumira ribu (18,89%), a suprotno tome, crveno meso se u 25,56% ispitanika konzumira čak 3-4 puta tjedno. Poveći broj ispitanika (61,67%) ne nadzire unos kalorija u svojoj prehrani, kao ni unos soli (57,78%). Rezultat na Upitniku neofobije nije povezan sa spolom, dobi, niti s indeksom tjelesne mase. Nema značajne razlike u izraženosti neofobije između muškaraca i žena u ispitanoj skupini (t(176) = 1,49; p>,05).
Zaključno, za razvijanje pravilnije prehrane kod ljudi odrasle dobi, koja bi podržavala raznolikost, ravnotežu energetskog unosa i potrošnje te smanjenje straha od isprobavanja novih i nepoznatih namirnica, potrebna je edukacija o pravilnoj prehrani i dobrobiti iste za zdravlje. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Eating habits and eating behaviour start developing from the very first years of persons life. An adequate diet is important for the health of every individual and it should include the basic dietary principles, which provide the body all its energy and nutritional needs. The development of eating habits is influenced by various physiological and environmental factors. Food neophobia is the fear of new and unknown foods, because of its color, smell, appearance, origin and other. Avoiding new and different foods, and the reluctance to introduce them to the diet, can result in an unbalanced diet, also lacking variety. Improper nutrition can result in development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. The aim of this research was to assess the eating habits and the incidence of food neophobia in the Croatian adult population. Data was collected using a questionnaire that included Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), questions about dietary habits and attitudes about healthy eating, and questions about the personal characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, body mass and height). 178 respondents participated in this research (54 male respondents and 124 female respondents). The average age of the respondents was 36 years.
The results of this research show that the average value of food neophobia in the sample is 28.87, and the results are within one standard deviation (± 10.67). It follows that 71.3% of respondents of this research are within the neutral range (18.20 - 39.54), while 12.4% of respondents are neophiles (average score below one SD) and 16.3% of respondents are neophobes (average score above one SD). Furthermore, the research points to the infrequent consumption of breakfast, which in 25.55% of respondents is present only 1-2 times a week, and in 6.11% of respondents breakfast is not consumed at all. Fish consumption is also rare, as indicated by the proportion of respondents who never consume fish (18.89%), while, on the contrary, red meat is consumed by 25.56% of respondents as much as 3-4 times a week. A greater number of respondents (61.67%) do not monitor the calorie intake in their diet, as well as the salt intake (57.78%). The result on the Neophobia Questionnaire is not related to gender, age, or body mass index. There is no significant difference in the expression of neophobia between men and women in the examined group (t(176) = 1,49; p>,05).
In conclusion, in order to develop a more proper diet in adults, which would support diversity, balance of energy intake and consumption and reduce the fear of trying new and unknown foods, education about proper nutrition and its benefits for health is needed. |
