Introduction: Caesarean section is a life-saving surgical intervention for women and their newborns, although its excessive use has recently become a global public health problem. The increase in caesarean birth rates is a matter of concern to the public, health professionals and the medical community in many countries. Reasons for increasing cesarean rates include increasing maternal age, socioeconomic factors, and decreased parity. Although in certain situations caesarean section can prevent serious morbidity and mortality of the fetus and mother, the data indicate that in many cases the procedure is not indicated, and in many cases a vaginal birth would be safe. The aim of the research: The aim of this research is to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of women in the Republic of Croatia towards caesarean section, and to raise awareness of this problem in order to reduce it to the lowest possible level. Materials and methods: The research was conducted in the period from 20.06. until 31.07.2024. via Google docs form online via. The study included women of reproductive age, from 19 to 40 years old, who had previously given birth, regardless of the way it was completed (caesarean section or vaginal delivery). The research was conducted through the questionnaire "Knowledge and attitudes about vaginal versus caesarean section delivery". The first part of the questionnaire referred to sociodemographic and obstetric data. The main part of the questionnaire referred to 22 statements that were aimed at examining women's knowledge and attitudes towards the method of completion of childbirth (vaginal or caesarean section). Results: 376 respondents participated in the research. Based on the analysis, we can see that 249 (66.4%) of the respondents have given birth so far. The largest share of respondents is over 35 years old 207 (55.1%). According to the obtained results, it can be seen that 249 respondents (66.4%) have given birth so far. With regard to the mode of delivery, the results show that 189 (50.3%) subjects had a vaginal delivery. 292 (77.7%) respondents consider the statement that maternal morbidity is more common in caesarean section than in vaginal birth incorrect. The statement that infections are more common after caesarean section is considered incorrect by 90 (50.5%) respondents. When analyzing all answers, it can be seen that the average share of correct answers to knowledge questions was 59.17%. Conclusion: Based on the conducted research, it was determined that more than half of the respondents have sufficient knowledge about the methods of completing childbirth, and most of the respondents have a positive opinion about vaginal birth. Respondents between the ages of 30 and 34 will answer with more than 80% correct answers about the types of childbirth and possible complications compared to the group of respondents under the age of 30. It is partially accepted because the proportion of respondents giving correct answers is the highest in the age group 30-34 81 (74.3%). At the end of the research, the hypothesis is rejected because women who gave birth by caesarean section show the same knowledge as women who gave birth vaginally. We hope that this research will contribute to the application of special guidelines in health care institutions regarding indications for caesarean section.