Pulmonary inflammation (pneumonia) is the most severe inflammatory disease in the respiratory system caused by numerous and varied microorganisms. It appears in all age groups, more often in children. Children are extremely vulnerable populations, and respiratory system disorders hit them harder with stronger symptoms than adults. The role of a nurse in a child with lung inflammation is manifested in the methods of preventing and treating the disease. The role of nurses in the prevention of lung inflammation in children begins yet in antenatal care by educating pregnant women and extends throughout the child's developmental and educational phases. Surgical procedures in treating lung inflammation in children extend across all levels of health care. A nurse who works at a pediatrics department must possess the knowledge, experience, and empathy so that she can do her job well. The nurse recognizes all the peculiarities of the child's respiratory tract so that the sick child can quickly see any changes that deviate from normal and quickly intervene. When assessing the respiratory status of a diseased child, breathing, pulse, skin color, cough, behavioral changes, and dehydration signs are observed.