Introduction and aim of the research: Back pain is common during and after pregnancy, regardless of the mode of delivery, and about 85% of women who have given birth experience back pain that can persist for up to three years postpartum. Therefore, the aim was to examine the frequency of back pain in women during the three years after childbirth, along with an analysis of the correlation with the duration and frequency of physical activity during pregnancy, attitudes towards physical activity after childbirth, and the effectiveness of physical activity and physiotherapy in reducing back pain symptoms. Participants and methods: The study included 383 women who had given birth either vaginally or by cesarean section within 3 years postpartum. Data were collected using a custom questionnaire on physical activity and attitudes towards physical activity after childbirth, as well as the Oswestry Disability Index for assessing pain-induced disability. The data were processed using Statistica 14.0.0.15, with Spearman's correlation coefficient and the chi-square test for frequency comparison. Results: The frequency of lower back pain does not differ significantly between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Regular physical activity is associated with a reduction in lower back pain symptoms, but there is no significant difference between those who exercise regularly and those who do not. Positive attitudes towards physical activity and physiotherapy are linked to a decrease in lower back pain symptoms. Most respondents do not have significant disabilities according to the Oswestry test. Conclusion: The conducted research showed a high prevalence of lower back pain during and after pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of prevention and alleviation. Although no statistically significant difference in the frequency of lower back pain between vaginal delivery and cesarean section was found, physical activity proved beneficial in reducing symptoms. Women's attitudes towards physical activity and the availability of physiotherapy are also significant.