Dual energy computed tomography is a new imaging technique which combines high and low voltages used for visualization of patient’s organs. While in single energy CT (SECT) one X-ray tube produces heterogenous beam containing different energies, DECT has two energy spectra. In order to achieve two voltage values, such CT machine requires a different structure of the gantry. There are several ways to achieve two different voltage values: dual energy CT with two X-ray tubes, rapid kV switching using a single X-ray tube, layered detectors with a single X-ray source and beam filtration of the X-ray source. Due to dual energy CT, it is possible to differentiate tissues with regard to how they attenuate high and low energies using different reconstruction algorithms. Thus, it is possible to highlight and localize areas containing higher amounts of iodine for the purpose of distinguishing thyroid tumors from normal tissue. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare radiation dose in the imaging of the neurocranium using dual and single energy CT imaging techniques. 60 patients directed to single energy CT of the neurocranium and 60 patients to dual energy CT were randomly selected. The necessary data was collected accessing the patients’ medical records through the ISSA system. A comparison was made between the two groups of patients on the basis of sex and age, dependence of metal objects on radiation dose, dependence of contrast medium on radiation dose, number of reconstructed slices and dependence of number of slices on the radiation dose. The difference of the radiation dose between the two groups of patients was tested, which led to the key conclusion of this study – the effective radiation dose of the patient is statistically significantly lower in dual energy CT compared to single energy CT of the neurocranium.