Hearing is the first sense of man, and hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder. The sense of hearing begins to develop in the 8th week of gestation, and by the 40th week of gestation it is fully developed. In order to find out in a person if there is a congenital hearing impairment, it is examined by newborn screening for hearing impairment. Neonatal screening is a preventive medical procedure that aims to detect early conditions that endanger the health and life of a person. In the Republic of Croatia, neonatal screening for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism and hearing impairment is performed. At the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, neonatal screening for hearing impairment has been performed since 2002, and in November 2006 it was included in the mandatory newborn screening. During 2019, at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, hearing was examined in 2246 newborns, of which 2242 were examined by evoked otoacoustic emission (E-OAE), and 4 of them were examined by the method of recording the automatic response of the brainstem (A -Abre). 102 newborns tested positive for hearing impairment, while 2144 tested negative. According to the Protocol of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, newborns who initially tested positive for hearing impairment were invited for retesting by the same method after three weeks. If the finding is still positive, the newborn is sent with his parents to the audiology clinic for further accurate diagnosis and habilitation and therapy.