| Abstract | Uvod: Visoka prevalencija pretilosti, kao velikog javnozdravstvenog problema, povezana je s kroničnim kardiovaskularnim i metaboličkim bolestima. Uz tradicionalne čimbenike rizika kao novi čimbenik kardiovaskularnog rizika navodi se i abdominalna pretilost. Programi kardiološke rehabilitacije priznati su kao standard skrbi za bolesnike s kardiovaskularnim bolestima te su smjereni na prevenciju sekundarnih koronarnih događaja uključujući smrt i kardiovaskularni komorbiditet, te smanjenje faktora rizika, povećanje funkcionalne sposobnosti i kvalitete života Cilj: Glavni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi prevalenciju kardiometaboličkog rizika procjenom sastava tijela mjerenog antropometrijom u bolesnika sa koronarnom bolešću srca koji dolaze na program stacionarne kardiološke rehabilitacije te usporediti antropometrijske parametre nakon provedene stacionarne kardiološke rehabilitacije. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 50 ispitanika. U 2 vremenske točke 1. i 21. dana kardiološke rehabilitacije mjereni su indeks tjelesne mase, opseg struka, omjer struka i bokova, omjer opsega struka i visine te je analiziran sastav tijela. Rezultati: Prije provedene kardiološke rehabilitacije uočeno je odstupanje od referentnih vrijednosti u svim antropometrijskim mjerenjima. Najveće odstupanje od 44,44% uočeno je kod omjera struka i bokova. Nakon provedene kardiološke rehabilitacije došlo je do statistički značajnog smanjenja tjelesne mase (t=7,74, p< 0,001), opsega struka (t=6,51, p< 0,001), omjera opsega struka i visine (t=6,52, p< 0,001) i hodne pruge (t=-8,03, p< 0,001), udio visceralnog masnog tkiva i udio masnog tkiva su ostali nepromijenjeni dok se udio mišićnog tkiva statistički značajno smanjio (t=6,04, p< 0,001). Zaključak: Program aktivnosti zdravstvenog odgoja započet tijekom kardiološke rehabilitacije koji je nužan za stvarnu promjenu životnih navika treba nastaviti i nadalje kroz doživotne programe kardiološke rehabilitacije u kućnim uvjetima uz podršku multidisciplinarnog tima kako bi se bolesniku osigurala cjelovita skrb i potpuno utjecalo na promjenu njegovih životnih i prehrambenih navika uz redovito provođenje adekvatno dozirane tjelesne aktivnosti. |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity, as a major public health problem, is associated with chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Along with traditional risk factors, abdominal obesity is also mentioned as a new cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiac rehabilitation programs are recognized as the standard of care for patients with cardiovascular diseases and are aimed at preventing secondary coronary events, including death and cardiovascular comorbidity, as well as reducing risk factors, increasing functional capacity and quality of life. Objective: The main objective of the research is to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk by assessing body composition measured by anthropometry in patients with coronary heart disease who come to an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program and to compare anthropometric parameters after inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Respondents and methods: 50 respondents participated in the research. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body composition were analyzed at 2 time points on the 1st and 21st days of cardiac rehabilitation. Results: Before the cardiac rehabilitation, a deviation from the reference values was observed in all anthropometric measurements. The largest deviation of 44.44% was observed in the ratio of waist to hips. After the cardiac rehabilitation, there was a statistically significant decrease in body mass (t=7.74, p< 0.001), waist circumference (t=6.51, p< 0.001), waist circumference and height ratio (t=6.52, p< 0.001) and walking stripes (t=-8.03, p< 0.001), the proportion of visceral adipose tissue and the proportion of adipose tissue remained unchanged, while the proportion of muscle tissue decreased statistically significantly (t=6.04, p< 0.001) . Conclusion: The program of health education activities started during cardiac rehabilitation, which is necessary for a real change in lifestyle habits, should be continued through lifelong cardiac rehabilitation programs in home conditions with the support of a multidisciplinary team in order to provide the patient with comprehensive care and fully influence the change in his lifestyle and eating habits. habit with regularly performing adequately dosed physical activity. |
