Lymphoproliferative diseases are malignant diseases of the lymphatic system that affect one of the cell lines of the lymphatic system with a delay in maturation and subsequent accumulation of pathological lymph cells in the organs involved in the lymphatic system. Chronic lymphoproliferation caused by Helicobacter pylori can lead to the development of various forms of gastrointestinal lymphomas. Gastrointestinal lymphomas most commonly occur around the sixth decade of life. Risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal lymphoma include some Helicobacter pylori infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection, Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus. Gastrointestinal lymphoma has a wide range of morphological imaging features in conventional and cross-sectional images. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosing the stage of the disease and in recognizing potential complications, such as perforation, obstruction, and fistulas of the affected gastrointestinal wall with adjacent structures. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most common method used to examine the stomach, and we can easily recognize the difference between lymphoma and gastric cancer. As for conventional X-rays, the role of barium examination is limited to detecting the lesion, and to showing the location and extent of the lesion. As for small bowel lymphoma, the small intestine is usually studied using endoscopic examinations or radiological imaging techniques. An endoscopic video capsule is the preferred imaging technique for visualizing mucosal abnormalities in patients with obscure bleeding. CT and MR enteroclysis and enterography play an increasingly important role in the study of small bowel tumors. Furthermore, primary colon lymphoma may appear as a localized, large, extraluminal mass, or a constricting ring-type cancer. On barium tests and on CT, the most common sample is the polypoid one.