| Sažetak | Miomi maternice (lat. myoma uteri) su najčešći dobroćudni tumori maternice, građeni od glatkih mišićnih vlakana (leyomioma) i vezivnog tkiva (fibromyoma). Kod njihove prisutnosti pomoću ultrazvuka vidimo povećanu maternicu nepravilna oblika. Čimbenici rizika koji se najčešće povezuju s nastankom mioma su hormonski disbalans estrogena i progesteronarana, genetski faktori, dob, afričko porijeklo, rana menarha, kasna menopauza i paritet. Također, još neki od čimbenika rizika koji pogoduju nastanku mioma, a čija je pojavnost rijeđa su hipertenzija, sindrom policističnih jajnika, prekomjerna tjelesna težina, konzumacija kofeina, alkohola itd.
U nekim slučajevima žene su asimptomatske, no mogu se javiti i ozbiljni simptomi koji značajno utječu na kvalitetu života, kao što su bol u zdjelici, učestalo mokrenje, bolni spolni odnosi i obilno krvarenje koje dolazi u nepravilnim vremenskim razmacima, posljedično tome nerijetko nastupa anemija. Također, žene reproduktivne dobi imaju miome u 50 do 70% slučajeva te oni uvelike utječu na uspjeh začeća, naime miomi mogu remetiti tijek trudnoće, a nerijetko ju mogu i spriječiti. Sve ovisi o broju mioma, njihovoj veličini i lokalizaciji.
Anemija je stanje smanjenog volumena eritrocita u cirkulaciji, odnosno smanjene razine hemoglobina s posljedičnom smanjenom sposobnošću krvi da prenosi kisik do tkiva i organa. Očituje se osjećajem povećanog umora, iscrpljenosti i slabijom koncentracijom. Pacijentica ima izrazito blijedu kožu i sluznice, prisutna je tahikardija i opadanje kose te čak krv u stolici. Kod pacijentica s miomom na maternici anemija se javlja u više od 60% slučajeva.
Prema SZO kvaliteta života se definira kao individualna percepcija pojedinca o svom položaju u životu ovisno o svojim ciljevima, očekivanjima i brigama.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kvalitetu života žena s dijagnozom mioma na maternici s obzirom na planiranje trudnoće i prisutnost anemije. Ispitanice su bile žene hospitalizirane u KBC-u Rijeka na Klinici za ginekologiju i porodništvo. U istraživanju je sudjelovala 61 ispitanica te se za prikupljanje potrebnih podataka koristio upitnik WHOQOL-BREF koji je konstruirala SZO u svrhu procjene kvalitete života. 9 (14,75%) ispitanica planira trudnoću, dok 52 (85,25%) ispitanice ne planiraju trudnoću. 32 (52,46%) ispitanice imaju dijagnosticiranu anemiju, dok 29 (47,54%) ispitanica nema dijagnosticiranu anemiju.
Nakon što je istraživanje provedeno rezultati pokazuju da nema statistički značajne razlike u kvaliteti života između prethodno navedenih skupina. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Uterine fibroids (lat. Myome Uteri) are the most common benign tumors of the uterus, composed of smooth muscle fibers (leiomyoma) and connective tissue (fibromyoma). When present, ultrasound shows an enlarged uterus with an irregular shape. The most commonly associated risk factors for the development of fibroids include hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, genetic factors, age, African ancestry, early menarche, late menopause, and parity. Additionally, other less common risk factors that contribute to fibroid formation include hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, excessive body weight, caffeine consumption, alcohol use, etc. In some cases, women are asymptomatic, but serious symptoms can occur that significantly affect quality of life, such as pelvic pain, frequent urination, painful intercourse, and heavy bleeding that occurs at irregular intervals, often leading to anemia. Furthermore, women of reproductive age have fibroids in 50 to 70% of cases, and they significantly affect fertility. Specifically, fibroids can disrupt the course of pregnancy, and in many cases, can prevent it. The impact depends on the number, size, and location of the fibroids.
Anemia is a condition of reduced red blood cell volume in circulation, or decreased hemoglobin levels, resulting in a reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to tissues and organs. It manifests as feelings of increased fatigue, exhaustion, and poor concentration. The patient may exhibit pale skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia, hair loss, and even blood in the stool. Among patients with uterine fibroids, anemia occurs in more than 60% of cases.
According to the WHO, quality of life is defined as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of their goals, expectations, and concerns.
The aim of this research was to assess the quality of life in women diagnosed with uterine fibroids, considering pregnancy planning and the presence of anemia. The participants were women hospitalized at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The study involved 61 participants, and data was collected using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which was developed by the WHO to assess quality of life. Of the participants, 9 (14.75%) were planning a pregnancy, while 52 (85.25%) were not planning a pregnancy. 32 (52.46%) participants were diagnosed with anemia, while 29 (47.54%) did not have a diagnosis of anemia.
After conducting the research, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in quality of life between the aforementioned groups. |
