Urolithiasis is one of the oldest disease of mankind. From the ancient time people have problems with the urinary stones. During the 20th century the incidence of urolithiasis increase and the most important cause is, probably, food rich with animal proteins and purified carbohydrates. Basically, urinary stones are composed from protein matrix and crystalized materials. They can be divides as calcium stones (calcium phosphate or oxalate), struvite stones, uric acid stones, cystine stones or very rare stones can be made of some other composition. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic. Patients with symptoms are presented with pain in lumbar region (renal colic) and fever. The stones can be diagnosed using imaging methods as ultrasound, intravenous urography and computerized tomography. Asymptomatic patients usually does not need treatment. Symptomatic patients sometimes can spontaneously voided stones which can be facilitated with adequate hydration, using calcium antagonists, alpha adrenergic inhibitors and with pharmacological lysis of the stones. If this methods does not help for the elimination of the stones, the endourological and surgical methods are recommended for the treatment of urolithiasis. Percutaneous lithotripsy of the urinary stones, as minimaly-invasive method, is very effective method for treating urolithiasis. The function and morphology of kidneys are little altered using this method. This method is using for lithotripsy of the stones in the kidney and upper part of the ureter. The number of complications is lower than with open surgery and recovery of the patients is more faster. The role of nurse is very important in the every part of the operation included preparation of the instruments, positioned of the patients, during operation time as assistant, postoperative monitoring and sterilisation of the instruments. For conclusion, percutaneous lilthotripsy is safe and effective method for the treatment of urolithiasis.